A Framework For Increasing Student Voice and Choice

INTRODUCTION

Giving students voice and choice can significantly increase learning as it fosters motivation and engagement. By infusing technology into a research based writing strategy called RAFT (Role, Audience, Format, and Topic), students take ownership of their learning while improving their communication skills. This framework can be used to showcase learning in any academic content or grade level.

OVERVIEW OF THE FRAMEWORK

The RAFT framework (Role, Audience, Format, and Topic) encourages students to become effective communicators when sharing content knowledge. Learners are encouraged to make inferences about an author’s point of view, anticipate the audience's perspective and reaction, determine the most convincing format to communicate their message, and select the best technology to deliver the desired topic. Below is a list of the key ingredients.

STRUCTURING LEARNING

1. Explain the four important components communicators must consider: role, audience, format, and topic. 
2. Brainstorm a list of options with students, or provide a teacher-created RAFT template. (See an example below.)
3. Consider the pros and cons of available apps to deliver the student message. (See suggested links below.)
4. Have students design their personalized assignment by selecting each part of the RAFT framework. In lieu of full choice, a teacher may consider scaffolding learning by selecting one or more parts for the students.

EXAMPLES ACROSS THE CURRICULUM 

CHALLENGE BASED LEARNING

The RAFT Framework can also be used when solving real-world challenges, and it pairs exceptionally well with Challenge Based Learning (CBL). My students have used the framework successfully when interacting with an authentic audience as they advocated for reducing plastic bag usage, proposed more stop signs on our school campus, promoted improved food security for local families, and more.

VOICE AND CHOICE TEMPLATE IDEAS

This generic template is provided to students who then take ownership by selecting one or more options from each of the RAFT components. Teachers can personalize a template by changing the choices to suit their grade level and subject matter.

TECHNOLOGY VOICE AND CHOICE IDEAS

Use the links below to learn more about technology choices. Each example is located in the Apple Education Community.  

 Postcard                  Video Journal                        Podcast                   Tutorial  

 Animated Tutorial     Photo Poster      Data Analysis      Riddle 

    Graphic Organizer                 Rap Song                 Green Screen                 Digital Journal  

TEACHER TIPS

1. Independent research compliments this strategy by giving students full access to voice and choice.
2. Having students submit a short RAFT proposal prior to beginning the process allows for teacher feedback and ensures student work is focused. 

CALL TO ACTION

Give students voice and choice in your classroom using the RAFT framework, and comment below about your success!

Special Note

The original RAFT writing strategy was developed by Nancy Vandervanter in 1982 as part of the Montana Writing Project. I have modified the framework to incorporate alternate forms of communication and current technology applications.